Paper ID : 1011-CSCHD2025

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Iron is one of the most widely used metals in construction, industry, and archaeological structures. However, severe deterioration of its structural and chemical composition is possible due to its constant exposure to high temperatures resulting from environmental factors as well as harsh operating conditions such as what happens to archaeological iron fireplaces. (the subject of the study); this leads to a type of corrosion known as heat stress. They appear in the form of cracks, and the shape of the cracks depends on the stress distribution, the surrounding environment, and the metal. The research includes examinations and analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectron X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) to study the surface shape and phase composition of iron samples exposed to high temperature. The research also discusses modern methods used to protect archaeological iron from thermal deterioration. This research presents the use of nanomaterials as protective coatings for archaeological iron, including Nano Graphene Oxide and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. The results showed that all materials contributed to improving the surface protection properties and corrosion resistance to varying degrees. Magnetic Gel Nano proved to be the best material due to its high efficiency in forming a good protective barrier against environmental factors. The results confirm that it is crucial to ensuring the long-term preservation of iron artifacts, thus preserving the archaeological, historical, and cultural value of iron artifacts for future generations.

archaeological fireplaces; the cracks; thermal stress; archaeological iron artifacts