Treatment and Conservation Processes of the Covering Textile Belt of the Kaaba Displayed at the Egyptian Textile Museum, Egypt
Paper ID : 1006-CSCHD2025
Authors
1Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt
2Egyptian Textile Museum
Abstract
This study presents a scientific and applied methodology for the treatment and conservation of a belt from the covering of the Holy Kaaba, displayed at the Egyptian Textile Museum in Cairo. The textile was originally presented to the Kaaba during the reign of King Abdul Aziz Al Saud and dates to 1355–1361 AH (1936–1942 AD), the era of King Farouk I of Egypt.
The research addresses the deterioration problems affecting the belt, such as fiber weakness, metallic thread disintegration, stains, and tears. The study aimed to document, analyze, and stabilize the artifact using modern techniques. Documentation was achieved through digital photography and AutoCAD 2D drawings. The material characterization was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) to identify fiber types, metal composition, and dyes. Biological tests were conducted to detect microbial contamination.
The results confirmed that the textile fibers are silk woven in an atlas structure, while the metallic threads consist of silver and a silver-gold alloy. The dyes identified were natural indigo and turmeric. Based on these findings, the conservation plan included mechanical and chemical cleaning, reinforcement of weakened areas using tacking stitches, and mounting on a natural linen support with anti-fungal treatment for long-term exhibition.
This study highlights an integrated conservation approach that preserves the textile’s historical, artistic, and cultural value while ensuring its stability for future generations.
The research addresses the deterioration problems affecting the belt, such as fiber weakness, metallic thread disintegration, stains, and tears. The study aimed to document, analyze, and stabilize the artifact using modern techniques. Documentation was achieved through digital photography and AutoCAD 2D drawings. The material characterization was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) to identify fiber types, metal composition, and dyes. Biological tests were conducted to detect microbial contamination.
The results confirmed that the textile fibers are silk woven in an atlas structure, while the metallic threads consist of silver and a silver-gold alloy. The dyes identified were natural indigo and turmeric. Based on these findings, the conservation plan included mechanical and chemical cleaning, reinforcement of weakened areas using tacking stitches, and mounting on a natural linen support with anti-fungal treatment for long-term exhibition.
This study highlights an integrated conservation approach that preserves the textile’s historical, artistic, and cultural value while ensuring its stability for future generations.
Keywords